Instrumental (6th case)

I

Endings of the instrumental singular are the same for all three genders. For masculine nouns ending in a consonant add – om, and for neuter ending in – o, and feminine ending in –a replace the last letter with –om.

Some neuter nouns, such as more, end in – e. For these nouns change –e to –em: more to morem.

Some masculine nouns end in a soft consonant. The soft consonants are c, ć, č, dž, đ, j, lj, nj, š and ž.

To form instrumental case after one of these consonants add – em instead of -om: mužem, čajem.

USE:

1. The instrumental is used to translate ‘with’ or ‘by’ denoting the instrument with which an action is performed: pisati olovkom, putovati autmobilom.
2. After certain prepositions:

S or SA ‘together with’ or ‘accompanied by’: On radi sa Jovanom. Volim kafu s mlijekom.

ZA with the instrumental case has the meaning ‘at’: On sjedi za stolom. (He is sitting at the table).

• It is used to express the meaning of an action that is repeated on certain days (on Wednesdays, Mondays etc): Srijedom Marko igra tenis.

The instrumental case answers the questions S KIM? ( With whom?) Čime? (by what?)

Practise:

Answer the following questions using the words in brackets in the instrumental case:

1. S kim Marko igra tenis? (Dragan)
2. S kim Dragana ide na more? (Marija)
3. S kim ideš u vrtić? (sestra)
4. Kako putujete u Pariz? (avion)
5. Kako ideš na posao? (automobil)

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form:

1. Marija voli čaj sa _________ (mlijeko), a Marko sa ______________ (limun).
2. Svaki dan razgovaram sa ____________ (sestra) i _________________ (brat).
3. Danas idem u pozorište sa _____________ (drugarica).
4. Željeli smo da putujemo ___________ (avion).
5. Svako jutro Marko sjedi za _______(sto) i čita novine.
6. Molim vas, jedan sendvič sa ____________ (šunka) i __________ (sir).