The Vocative Case in Montenegrin

Since the vocative case is used when we are addressing someone or calling someone, most often one person, there are changes in the singular form only (of course there are exceptions). Addressing things or abstract concepts won’t be something you will hear in everyday conversations, but there are plenty of examples in poems and literature.…

Aorist

Shows an action that happened after some other past action (at a specific point in the past) or an action that happened right before the moment of speaking. Evo ga, stiže. Here he is, he has arrived. It is usually made of perfective verbs, by cutting infinitive ending – ti and adding the following endings:…

List of verbs taken from English

Some verbs we took from English and adapted to our language by adding some typical endings: angažovati  – to engage atakovati – to attack  bombardovati – to bomb debatovati – to debate demantovati – to deny (to confute) diskreditovati – to discredit formalizovati  -to formalize  garantovati – to guarantee interesovati – to be interested in…

Genitive singular and plural (exceptions)

Masculine Feminine Neuter Singular -og/eg*  (adj.)   -a (n.) -e     -e -og/eg*  -a Plural -ih                -a -ih    -a -ih   -a Note that masculine and neuter adjectives whose stem ends in đ, j, lj, nj, ć, č, š, dž and ž tahe grammatical endings with -e instead of -o. Basic rules: Numbers 2,3, 4 take genitive singular.…

Pluralia tantum

The nouns that have only plural form are called pluralia tantum. Most of these nouns are made of two parts which make the whole. They require verbs and adjectives in plural.  They are either feminine or neuter gender, but used in plural. Some of them are: makaze, vrata, djeca, jasle, pantalone, farmerice, naočare, novine, merdevine (stube),…

Fleeting A (nepostojano A)

The so-called “fleeting A” or “movable A” refers to the phonetic alternation in which short a makes an appearance and loss in certain inflected forms of nouns. Historically, Montenegrin did not tolerate any final consonantal clusters except st, zd, št, žd, šć, žđ, šč, and dž, as they were often difficult to pronounce in the…

Instrumental (6th case)

I Endings of the instrumental singular are the same for all three genders. For masculine nouns ending in a consonant add – om, and for neuter ending in – o, and feminine ending in –a replace the last letter with –om. Some neuter nouns, such as more, end in – e. For these nouns change…

The most awesome verb list ever

  Čekati                                             to wait Dočekati                                            meet, wait Pričekati                                            wait a while Sačekati                                             ambush, meet Očekivati                                           expect   Dati                                 …