Present tense conjugation (-ati and -iti verbs)
Aorist
Shows an action that happened after some other past action (at a specific point in the past) or an action that happened right before the moment of speaking. Evo ga, stiže. Here he is, he has arrived. It is usually made of perfective verbs, by cutting infinitive ending – ti and adding the following endings:…
The use of U and NA with Locative and Accusative case
We use U (in) with: City, country, village, etc. Everything that is inside of something We use NA (on, at) with: Waters (river, lake, sea, ocean, island, etc.) Aerodrom, fakultet, univerzitet, stadion With everything that is high, e.g. mountains, hills Directions, seasons….
List of verbs taken from English
Some verbs we took from English and adapted to our language by adding some typical endings: angažovati – to engage atakovati – to attack bombardovati – to bomb debatovati – to debate demantovati – to deny (to confute) diskreditovati – to discredit formalizovati -to formalize garantovati – to guarantee interesovati – to be interested in…
Genitive singular and plural (exceptions)
Masculine Feminine Neuter Singular -og/eg* (adj.) -a (n.) -e -e -og/eg* -a Plural -ih -a -ih -a -ih -a Note that masculine and neuter adjectives whose stem ends in đ, j, lj, nj, ć, č, š, dž and ž tahe grammatical endings with -e instead of -o. Basic rules: Numbers 2,3, 4 take genitive singular.…
Word Order of the Enclitics
Normally after: The first element in the sentence: Prijatelj mi jerekao da … Or the whole phrase: jedan moj stari prijatelj mi je rekao da… Ne + verb is treated as one word: On je na putu i ne može nam se javiti. Ne ide mi se na taj sastanak. Some conjunctions cannot be treated…
Pluralia tantum
The nouns that have only plural form are called pluralia tantum. Most of these nouns are made of two parts which make the whole. They require verbs and adjectives in plural. They are either feminine or neuter gender, but used in plural. Some of them are: makaze, vrata, djeca, jasle, pantalone, farmerice, naočare, novine, merdevine (stube),…
Conditional sentences in Montenegrin language
Type 1 – the realizable conditional Refers to an action that can happen in the future. Ako + present + future I Example: Ako dođeš, dobićeš poklon. Ako + future II + future I (less common) Ako budeš došao, dobićeš poklon. Type 2 – the potentially realizable conditional The speaker shows the desire for something…
Fleeting A (nepostojano A)
The so called “fleeting A” or “movable A” refers to the phonetic alternation in which short a makes appearance and loss in certain inflected forms of nouns. Historically, Montenegrin did not tolerate any final consonantal clusters except: st, zd, št, žd, šć, žđ, šč, and dž, as they were often difficult to pronounce in the…
Instrumental (6th case)
I Endings of the instrumental singular are the same for all three genders. For masculine nouns ending in a consonant add – om, and for neuter ending in – o, and feminine ending in –a replace the last letter with –om. Some neuter nouns, such as more, end in – e. For these nouns change…
The most awesome verb list ever
Čekati to wait Dočekati meet, wait Pričekati wait a while Sačekati ambush, meet Očekivati expect Dati …
Lista svršenih i nesvršenih glagola (Perfective and imperfective verb list)
Imperfective Perfective Biti (to be) Vjerovati (to believe) povjerovati Vidjeti (to see) Vraćati se (to get back, to return) vratiti se Gledati (to watch) pogledati Gubiti (to lose) izgubiti Dobijati (to get) dobiti Dolaziti (to arrive, to come) doći Željeti (to want, to wish) poželjeti Živjeti (to live) poživjeti ( to live long…
Prošlo vrijeme glagola na -ći (Past tense of the verbs ending in – ći)
If the infinitive ends in -ći, most of the verbs in past tense will follow this pattern: ići naći moći reći peći M. išao našao mogao rekao pekao F. išla našla mogla rekla pekla N. išlo Našlo moglo reklo peklo Pl. išli Našli mogli rekli peklo Pl. (f) išle našle mogle rekle pekle Pl. (n)…
Imenice ženskog roda na suglasnik (Feminine nouns ending in a consonant)
This is a small group of nouns that has its own declension. Almost all feminine nouns ending in a consonant have an – i ending in the nominative, genitive and accusative plural forms. This group of nouns includes almost all the abstract nouns ending in the foreign suffix – ost ( or – est and…
How to read and write
Montenegrin/ Serbian is an easy language to spell and pronounce. It follows phonetic principal — every letter represents only one sound. In Montenegrin/Serbian you ‘write as you speak and read as it is written’. There are two alphabets in use — Latin and Cyrillic. Both the Latin and the Cyrillic alphabets contain 30 letters to represent…