Learn Montenegrin/Serbian language
Montenegrin/ Serbian is an easy language to spell and pronounce. It follows phonetic principal — every letter represents only one sound. In Montenegrin/Serbian you ‘write as you speak and read as it is written’. There are two alphabets in use — Latin and Cyrillic. Both the Latin and the Cyrillic alphabets contain 30 letters to represent…
Nominative Noun or adjective used in nominative is used in its default form. This is the form found in dictionaries. sg. pl. M. -Ø: bulevar-Ø, momak-Ø -i: bulevar-i, momc-i F. -a: žen-a, devojk-a -e: žen-e, devojk-e N. -o/-e: pism-o, polj-e -a: pism-a, polj-a We use nominative: 1. as the subject of the sentence,…
Perfective and imperfective verbs In Montenegrin language the perfective aspect is used to convey the notion that something has happened (the activity is completed), while the imperfective is used for activities that are continous or repeated. Imperfective is generally used in reference to activities occuring in the present, as well as in generalizations, while the…
In Montenegrin language there aren’t as many modal verbs as in English. Generally, we can say that there are four modal verbs: moći, morati, smjeti and htjeti. MOĆI Verb moći (can, be able to) doesn’t follow regular conjugation patterns and must be memorized: Ja mogu mi možemo…
Futur II shows uncomplished action for which we suppose what will happen in the future at the time od some other action or after it. It is made of present of the verb to be and past participle: Present of the verb to be: Ja budem Mi budemo Ti budeš …
The future tense of the verbs is formed by the short form of htjeti as an auxiliary and the infinitive of the main verb. There are two ways in which we can combine the two parts of the future tense: a) use the enclitic form before the main verb which can be expressed in two…
Just as nouns and adjectives change in different cases, so do personal pronouns. In Montenegrin they have a short and a long form. The long form is used: *for emphasis * after a preposition *in the initial position in a sentence. The short form is far more prevelient in everyday speech. Personal pronouns…
They are common in literature and other written works, while in spoken language simple present or past tense constructions are usually used instead. The present verbal adverb (glagolski prilog sadašnji) shows the cation that is happening at the same time as some other action. It is formed by adding the ending -ći to the third-person plural…
The past tense is a complex tense formed in the following way: 1) the present tense of the verb jesam + 2) the active past participle of the main verb. the present tense of the verb jesam (short form) + the active past participle sg. pl. sg. pl. 1. sam smo m. pjevao pjevali 2. si ste f.…
There are two stems in Montenegrin language: present and infinitive, and all verbal forms are formed from one or the other. The present stem is formed by dropping the personal suffix from the 1st p. sg. of the present tense. Personal suffixes for the present tense are sg. pl. 1st p. -m/-u -mo 2nd…
Cardinal numbers The Montenegrin word for number is broj. In compound numbers the conjuction i (and) may be omitted. 0 nula 22 dvadedeset (i) dva 1 jedan 30 trideset 2 dva 40 četrdeset 3 tri 50 pedeset 4 četiri 60 šezdeset 5 pet 70 sedamdeset 6 šest 80 osamdeset…
Adjectives can generally be : – positive – expressing the presence of some characteristic, – comparative – expressing the more intensive presence of some characteristic, – superlative – expressing the maximized presence of some characteristic. Comparative In Montenegrin language the comparative form of adjectives is formed by adding there types of suffixes to a positive…
The two main meanings indicated by the instrumental case are company and means or instrument with which an action is performed. It can also express time, place, additonal information and quality. Suffixes : sg. pl. m -om/-em: bulevar-om, momk-om Mark-om, Đorđ-em –ima: bulevar-ima, momc-ima f -om: žen-om, devojk-om –ama: žen-ama, devojk-ama -i/-ju: reč-i / reč-ju…
The vocative case is used for addressing or calling someone. It is often used together with the imperative form of verbs, or indirect speech. Suffixes : sg. pl. m -e/-u: gospodine, Jovane, prijatelju =Nom.: Marko, Đorđe =Nom.: prijatelji f -o/-e: devojko, gospođo, Zoro, drugarice, Milice =Nom.: Marina, Zorana =Nom.:devojke n =Nom.: ime =Nom.: imena…
The accusative case indicates the goal of a verbal action, thus, the direct object of a transitive verb. Besides this (along with various prepositions), the accusative expresses: time, place, direction of movement, purpose etc. Suffixes : sg. pl. m -Ø: bulevar-Ø (= Nom.) -e: bulevar-e, momk-e -a: momk-a, Mark-a, Đorđ-a (= Gen.) f -u:…
